Hypothyroidism or too little thyroid hormone is a very common condition and many people (as many as 10% of women) may have some degree of hypothyroidism and do not know it. Thyroid hormone regulates the body metabolism, which explains the symptoms associated with hypothyroidism.

The most common causes of hypothyroidism are firstly the result of inflammation of the thyroid gland (autoimmune thyroiditis caused by the patients own immune system also known as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis). A second major cause of hypothyroidism is the result of thyroid treatment, through either surgery or radioactive iodine therapy. Partial or complete removal of the gland usually provides cure of the original condition (thyroid cancer, goiter or over active thyroid), but results in too little hormone production afterwards.

The most common symptoms of hypothyroidism include:

- Fatigue

- Abnormal menstrual cycles

- Cold intolerance or increased sensitivity to cold

- Weight gain

- Constipation

- Muscle cramps and joint pain

- Thin brittle fingernails and hair

- Paleness, which may progress to dry puffy facial skin.

- Impaired memory and cognitive function (slow thinking) and anxiety

Diagnosis of hypothyroidism is usually straightforward by measuring TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone), but may be more difficult in certain cases. In a patient with normal TSH and signs of hypothyroidism, further blood tests are required.

The treatment of this condition should be individualised to suit every patient’s needs and is best monitored by a physician or endocrinologist. In certain cases, natural herbs may be helpful (Kelp, Dulse, Avena sativa and Coleus forskohlii), but should be discussed with the medical professional first.

The symptoms of hypothyroidism may mimic many other conditions and the condition may be missed or ignored if not specifically looked for. An enlarged gland or goiter may be one of the first signs of hypothyroidism.

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